The rechargeable battery using metallic Li as an anode is strongly considered to be one of the most promising energy storage technology because of its high- energy density. However, the practical application has been plagued by the issue of inferior electrochemical cycling stability and safety hazard due to the thermodynamic instability of Li metal anode.

The reason for the inferior electrochemical cycle stability of lithium metal batteries is that Li⁺ is not deposited uniformly. Applying external pressure enables denser uniform Li deposition on the Li anode, and also suppresses the formation of microcracks in the Ni-rich cathode from the stress applied on the cathode during cycling. Therefore, the introduction of external pressure is an important key point in improving the lifespan of lithium metal batteries.

During the cycling of Lithium metal batteries, Lithium intercalation/de-intercalation and plating/stripping are greatly affected by the interphase layer (CEI, SEI) formed between electrodes and electrolyte. By changing the composition of the electrolyte, the components of interphase layer can be designed, and side reaction between the electrodes and electrolyte can be reduced. This can improve the morphology of Lithium plating and mitigate the formation of microcrack and impurity layers on the cathode.

Lithium metal is a promising anode, due to a high capacity of 3,860 mAh g^-1 and a low potential of -3.040 V (vs. SHE). Pouch-type cells are essential to realize long-life, high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. To realize high energy density, our lab established the above strategies based on high loading Ni-rich cathode. First, the Introduction of external pressure modulated cells. Second, Electrolyte control. Third, Staking cell. Through three strategies, research is focused on the development of long-life lithium metal batteries with high energy densities of 400-500 Wh kg^-1.